Zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nanoparticle systems) are increasingly investigated for their potential biomedical applications. This is due to their unique structural properties, including high surface area. Researchers employ various methods for the preparation of these nanoparticles, such as sol-gel process. Characterization methods, including X-

Nanomaterials have emerged as compelling platforms for a wide range of applications, owing to their unique characteristics. In particular, graphene, with its exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, has garnered significant focus in the field of material science. However, the full potential of graphene can be significantly enhan